907 - Life of Jesus (paragraphs 87-89)
X SOURCES
§ 87. numerous ancient writings speak of Jesus, that spontaneously cluster into two categories: non-Christian writings, and Christian writings. This group has a clear moral standard of scientific importance, to assess the impartiality of their testimony, but may not be the only one, because it must also be applied together with the chronological order, according to which a witness is usually the more authoritative and valuable, as is old and close to the facts attested. In our case it is practically easier to keep a moral standard, which leaves the field to Few dispute, while the chronological assignment of the various writings involves many issues much debated: of course, these issues must also take into account following the split between Christians and non-Christian writings.
non-Christian sources. The Jews, Jesus' contemporaries and peers, should offer the first evidence about him, but unfortunately it is not, as the Jewish sources, though not completely mute on this subject are sparse and taciturn of reliable information, almost as sources pagan.
official Judaism.
With the destruction of Jerusalem and the Jewish state occurred in 70 of our era, that is, forty years after the death of Jesus, the spiritual life of Palestinian Judaism was represented solely by the power of the Pharisees, who, in accordance with its principles, are totally dedicated to collect and perpetuate the "tradition" oral, along with the Bible, now form the only moral heritage of Judaism. The doctors Pharisees datisi to this work through the centuries I-III, were called Tanna, and they kept behind the Amorites, who worked until the end of the fifth century Tanna is due to the code of the Mishna, the Amorites, the commentary to the Mishna, the union della Mishna col suo commento è sorto il Talmud, nella doppia recensione palestinese e babilonese. Ma il Talmud, pur contenendo materiali che possono risalire a prima della distruzione di Gerusalemme, non fu messo definitivamente in iscritto che tra i secoli V e VI, giacché in precedenza il suo contenuto era stato trasmesso solo oralmente, affidato alla memoria dei vari dottori, benché con fedeltà verbale. Il Talmud, così redatto, divenne la roccaforte spirituale del giudaismo e ricevette, insieme con la Bibbia, carattere ufficiale. Ma contemporaneamente al Talmud si elaborava altro materiale, che parimenti fu messo in iscritto soltanto dopo una lunga trasmissione esclusivamente orale, sebbene i suoi primi elementi possano risalire all'epoca dei Tannaiti. Gli scritti così sorti, fra cui primeggiano per estensione e numero i vari Midrashim, non rivestirono carattere ufficiale come il Talmud, tuttavia ricevettero un valore subordinato e complementare.
§ 88. Troviamo pertanto che, in questi scritti del giudaismo ufficiale, la persona e l'opera di Gesù sono certamente note, sebbene spesso si alluda ad esse solo indirettamente ed in maniera anonima e velata. Riunendo poi i dati precisi che se ne possono estrarre, si trova che essi non hanno riscontro in nessun altro documento antico, e non senza contraddizioni e incongruenze se ne ottiene il seguente schema biografico. Gesù the Nosrati (Nazareth) was born to a hairdresser named Mary, the husband of this woman is sometimes called pappos Judah son of Stada, and sometimes, although it is also the same woman called in the name of Stada. The real father of Jesus was a Panther, so is the Jesus who is called as the son of Pantera, the son of Stada. Who went to Egypt, Jesus studied under Joshua son of magic there Perac. As for the history it should be noted that while this Joshua flourished around the year 100 was on the Volga, pappos that flourished about 230 years later. When he returned home and dismissed from his master, Jesus practiced magic people err. For these reasons, was convicted and sentenced to death. Before the sentence was executed, he waited forty days during which a herald called upon the people to expose any justification in favor of the offender. As there is no any, the offender was stoned and then hung on the gallows in Lydda, on the day of preparation for Easter. At present he is in Gehenna, immersed in a boiling mud. In connection with these data, especially with a veiled way in which they are exposed, we find that Jesus is designated with an indication of such, or with the epithet of Balaam (Numbers of the old magician, 22 et seq.) , and with such names as crazy of a bastard, and another even more disgraceful.
NOTE: At this strange name which also appears variants Pantri, Pantori, Pandera, was given the following explanation. After the final separation of Christianity from Judaism, the Jews were heard by the Greek-speaking Christians claim that Jesus was the son of "parthènou", that of a virgin, and thus the common name was believed his own name, title and name of the mother became staff of the illegitimate father. This explanation is very plausible, and proves once again that Judaism did not have its own particular heritage news about Jesus, but Christianity made by deforming biased.
§ 89. The following anecdote may be an example of how you alluded to the facts and doctrines of Jesus in an anonymous fashion, but no less precise. A Rabbi Joshua, son of Ananias, who flourished around the year 90 of our era, was asked by some scholars in Rome: Tell us something fabulous! - He said: There was once a mule who had a son, this was hung a label on which was written that it should inherit from the father's family 100,000 "zuz" (a coin). - He was told: But a mule can bear? - That said, is precisely the case of a fairytale! - (Then he was asked:) If the salt has become tasteless, with what you should add salt? - That said, with the placenta of a mule. - (He said) But a mule (sterile and what ') has the placenta? - (That said:) And the salt can become tasteless? This anecdote is an obvious allusion to the saying of Jesus: If the salt has become tasteless, with what you saler? (Matthew, 5, 13), you would like to point out the foolishness, but it is also clear that the two animals are a mocking overshadowing of Mary and Jesus, and that the whole story goes to show how Judaism is the true salt that will never dull, and like any less than any other way, Jesus could make the natural flavor. Even outside the Jewish writings, questi dati sono attestati parzialmente come provenienti dal giudaismo. A metà del secolo II il palestinese Giustino martire, nel suo Dialogo col (giudeo) Trifone, vi accenna più d'una volta, accusando i dottori giudei di diffondere ovunque calunnie e bestemmie a carico di Gesù. Più nettamente si ritrovano gli stessi dati impiegati dal pagano Gelso nel suo Discorso veritiero scritto poco prima dell'anno 180, di cui si tratterà in seguito (§ 195); sembra certo che Celso abbia attinto questi dati ad una fonte scritta. Finalmente, ampliati sempre più, gli stessi dati costituirono il libello intitolato Toledoth Jeshua, «Generazioni (cioè, Storia) di Gesù», che circolava in varie recensioni già to the VIII-IX centuries, and that Judaism which was unofficial biography of Jesus until a few decades ago. Now, all these statements can attest to the state of mind that Judaism had to Jesus in the early Christian centuries, but it would not be serious or scientifically or morally dignified even discuss are the authoritative documents for the biography of Jesus After all the discussion would Today useless now the same as Israel learned and conscientious regard these elements as totally legendary, so do their part rationalist scholars, who usually add the same words very severe verdict, such as defining the set Renan stories of these legendary burlesque and obscene.
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